q}dfl;s k/LIff –@)&(
sIff
M ( k"0ff{ª\s
M &%
ljifo
M g]kfnL plQ0ff{ª\s
M #)
!=
;d"x …sÚdf lbOPsf zAbx?sf] cy{ ;d"x …vÚaf6 klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ . @
;d"x
…sÚ ;d"x …vÚ
u'0f:t/Lo ;fusf] Ps k|sf/
uf]8d]n s[lif pkh
vf8n u'0f:t/ /fd|f] ePsf]
afnL af]6la?jfsf
jl/kl/ ePsf emf/kft pv]Ng] jf uf]8\g] sfd
vfN6f]
@=
lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 pko'Qm zAb klxrfg u/L vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\. @
pd]z
cfˆgf cfdfafsf] PSnf] 5f]/f xf] . pm s]xL ug]{ cf;n] /fd|f] k9\gsf nflu zx/lt/
7'nf] ck]Iff /fvL nfUb5 . Toxf+ rlr{t sn]hdf egf{ eO{ cfˆgf] k9fO{sf] z'?jft
ub{5 . cfF6 ;fx;;Fu cfˆgf] ldqtfsf] 9f]sf vf]Nb5 . o;/L cfkm"n] ;a}
;fyL;+uL tyf k9fO{df ;d]t /fd|f] x'Fb} u/]sfn] dVv k/]sf] 5 .
k|Zgx? M
s_
hggL sf] kof{ojfrL zAb=============xf] .
v_
lg/f; zAbsf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb========xf] .
u_
gfd sdfpg' eg]sf] =======x'g' xf] .
3_
…ck]IffÚ zAbsf] cy{==========xf] .
#=
cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug{'xf];\ .
@
sfg vfg', cg'kd
$=
lbOPsf zAb ;d"xaf6 z'4 zAb 5fgL n]Vg'xf];\ . !
c_
a}1flgs j}1flgs j}1fgLs j}Uoflgs
-cf_
;+sNk ;ª\sNk ;GsNk ;DsNk
%=
lbOPsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
@
g]kfnL
;dfh ;f+:s[lts / hflto ljljwtfn] o'Qm 5 oxfFsf hfthftLn] ljleGg kj{ / ;+:sf/sf
ca;/df ahfpg] afhfdf klg To:t} ljljwtf kfOG5 .
^=
/]vflÍt zAbsf zAbju{ 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ . #
8fF8fel/
9sdSs km'n]sf k"mnx? b]v]/ xfdL t dVv k5f}{+
.
&=
tnsf b'j} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . @±@
s_
lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L b'O{ cf]6f pk;u{ / b'O{ cf]6f k|Too nfu]sf zAb klxrfg u/L
lgdf{0f k|lqmof b]vfpg'xf];\ .
lxhf]
ljBfnodf ljlzi6 cltlysf] cfudg eof] . xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ :jfut / ;Ddfg uof]{ . pxfFn]
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cg'zfl;t / nugzLn x'g'k5{ eg]/ cfkmgf ljrf/ k|:t't ug{'eof] .
v_
lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f ;d:t zAb klxrfg u/L lju|x Pp6f lju|x zAb klxrfg u/L
;d:t zAb
agfpg'xf];\
/ b'O{ cf]6f låTj zAb klxrfg u/L lgdf{0f k|lqmof b]vfpg'xf];\ .
/d]z lxhf]cfh ahf/lt/ hfFbf clgjfo{ df:s
nufpg] ub{5g\ . cfhef]ln ;do cln v/fa ePsfn]
pgL
af6}af6f] hfG5g\ . s'g} ;fyLefOsf] nx}nx}df nfUb}gg\ . pgLdfq geO{ pgsf] ;fyL
klg cfˆgf] cfˆgf] sfddf nfUg] a]nf ;a}n] cflgjfo{ df:s nufPs} x'G5g\ . pgn]
cfˆgf ;fGjf, 7'nf] af nfO{ ;d]t bf]af6f], rf}jf6f]df uP/ le8ef8 ug{' x'Gg eGg]
;Nnfx ;d]t lbG5g\ .
*=
sf]i7sdf lbOPsf wft' / ;Í]tsf ;xfotfn] vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ . @
s_
p;nfO{ uLt ufpg dg ============. -k/\M cEo:t e"t_
v_
/dfn] vfgf ==========. -ksfp ;Defjgfy{_
u_
d 7"nf] dflg;============ . -ag\M OR5fy{_
3_
l;tfn] n'uf============ . -lsg\M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
(=
ck"0f{ eljiotsfnsf] lqmofkb k|of]u u/L cfˆgf] sfdsf] af/]df j0f{g
ug{'xf];\ . @
!)=
sf]i7sdf lbOPsf ;Í]tsf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jt{g ug{'xf];\ . $
s_
pgLx? c;n 5g\ . -Ps jrg_
v_
d ahf/ hfG5' . -sd{ jfRo_
u_
tF ljBfno hf . - pRr cfb/_
3_
xl/ ldlxg]tL 5 . xl/ ;kmn x'G5 . -jfSo ;+Zn]if0f_
!!=
lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ . $
wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/wfd g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s
;'Gb/ gu/L xf] . oxfFsf /fd dlGb/ / hfgsL dlGb/ k'/ftflTjs, kf}/fl0fs / wfld{s
b[li6n] lgs} k|l;4 5g\ . tLdWo] oxfFsf] hfgsL dlGb/ lgs} snfTds /x]sf] 5 . of] dlGb/
:jb]zdf dfq geP/ ljb]zdf klg plts} k|Voft 5 . of] ljzfn dlGb/sf]
snfsfl/tf ljZjs} a]hf]8 gd'gf dflgG5 . o;nfO{ d'un z}nLdf lgld{t j:t'snfsf] ;'Gb/
gd'gfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . of] dlGb/ leqL / aflx/L u/L b'O{ efudf ljeQm 5 .
k|Zgx? M
s_
/]vfª\lst zAbsf] ljlelQm klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
v_
wfld{s / :jb]z zAbsf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof b]vfpg'xf];\ .
u_
hfgsL dlGb/sf] snfsfl/tf / z}nL s:tf] 5 <
3_
wg'iff lhNnf s] s] s'/fn] k|l;4 /x]sf] 5 <
!@=
lbOPsf] k9ÞL ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .
of]usf]
;'?jft s/f]8f] jif{ klxn] k"lj{o Clifd'lgx¿n] u/]sf lyP . of]u Pp6f
k"0f{ lj1fg xf] . Ps dxTjk"0f{ hLjg z}nL xf] / k"0f{ lrlsT;f k4lt
klg xf] . of] nf]slk|o x'g'sf] /x:o of] s'g} ln+u, hflt, ju{, ;Dk|bfo, If]q
Pjd\ efiffsf] e]b;+u gx'g' xf] . of]unfO{ Jojxf/df cjnDag u/]/ ;fws cEof;L,
a|xdrf/L, u[x:yL nfeflGjt x'g\ ;S5g\ . of]u JolQmsf] JolQmTj pTyfg / lgdf{0f
dfq geO{ kl/jf/, ;dfh, /fi6« / ljZjsf] rf}tlkm{ ljsf;df pkof]uL l;4 ePsf] 5 .
cfw'lgs dfgj ;dfhsf] tgfj, czflGt, cftÍjfb, cefj Pjd\ 1fgsf] lzsf/ ePsf] 5 .
To;sf] ;dfwfg s]jn of]u;Fu 5 . of] dg'ionfO{ ;sf/fTds lrGtgsf] kydf Nofpg]
dxTjk"0f{ ljwf xf] . dxifL{ kt~hnLn] o;nfO{ ci6fª\u of]usf ?kdf ;Ël7t u/L
cEof;df NofPsf lyP. of]usf] clGtd nIo eg]sf] dfgj sNof0f g} xf] . of]usf]
cg';/0fjf6 dfq :jf:Yo JolQm / ;'vL ;dfh lgdf{0f ;Dej 5 .
k|Zgx? M
s_
of]usf] ;'?jft s;n] u/]sf lyP <
v_
of]u nf]slk|o x'gfsf] sf/0f s] xf] <
u_
of]unfO{ lsg dxTjk"0f{ ljwf elgPsf] xf] <
3_
of]uaf6 dflg; s;/L nfeflGjt x'g ;S5g\ <
ª_
…ci6fª\uÚ / …sNof0fÚ zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
!#=
s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . $
s_
tnsf a'Fbfsf] cfwf/df Pp6f hLjgL n]vL zLif{s klg lbg'xf];\ .
gfd
M u'? k|;fb d}gfnL
hGd:yn M wgs'6f
k'Vof}{nL
ynf] M ltdfg sfgk'/, sfe
hGdldlt M lj=;+= !((& ebf} @#
lzIff M 3/d} cgf}krfl/s lzIff, :jfWoogaf6
k|z:t 1fgk|fKt
;+nUgtf
M !(*# ;fnb]lv lghfdtL ;]jfsf ljleGg sfof{nodf
hflu/, Gofo ljefusf] c8\8fdf klg
sfd u/]sf
M lj=;+=
!((@ sf] …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf gf;f] syf k|sflzt
M lj=;+=
@)@) df …gf;f]Ú syf ;ª\ux k|sflzt
k|j[lQ M ;fdflhs ljifoj:t'df syf n]v]/ g]kfnL
syf
;flxTodf cfw'lgstf leqfpg]
syfsf/
M syfx?df
ufpFn] ;dfhsf] oyfy{ lrq0f
M syfdf
/f]rs j0f{g / dg 5'g] af]nLrfnL ePsf
kfqsf] k|of]u
M cfbzf{]Gd'v
oyfy{jfbL syfsf/
M pgs}
gfdaf6 …d}gfnL syf k'/:sf/Ú :yflkt
d[To' M lj=;+= @)@* cfo{3f6, sf7df8f}+
v_
cfkm"n] e|d0f u/]sf] /d0fLo 7fpFsf] j0f{g u/L Ps cg'R5]b tof/ kf/L
n]Vg'xf];\ .
!$=
s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . $
s_
sIff gf} sf ljBfyL{sf] tkm{af6 z}lIfs e|d0fsf] k|aGw ldnfOlbg cg'/f]w ub}{ ljBfnosf
k|wfgfWofksnfO{ n]Vg] lgj]bgsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
v_
tkfO{sf] lbbLsf] ljjfxsf nflu cfdGq0f ul/g] lgdGq0ff kq tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
!%=
lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 rf/j6f a'Fbf l6kL Ps t[tLof+zdf ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ . $
g]kfn
ko{6gsf b[li6n] wtL{sf] :ju{ xf] . cg]sf} ;Dkbfn] el/Psf] d]/f] Kof/f] g]kfnsf]
k|s[lt, ;+:s[lt / df6f] uf}/jzfnL 5 . dnfO{ a]nf a]nf g]kfnsf log} ;Dkbfsf
glhs} k'u]/ wLt dg]{u/L x]g]{ ef]s nfU5 / ltvf{ d]l6g] u/L lkpg] / t[Kt x'g]
x'6x'tL hfU5 . d w]/} k6s ;kgfdf k"jL{ g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{df /dfpg]
/d/d sNkgfdf 8'la/x]sf] x'Gy] . To;}n] dnfO{ s~rgh‹f kbofqf ug]{ /x/ hfu]sf]
lyof] . ;fRr} eg' eg] dnfO{ s~rgh‹fn] tflg/x]sf] 5 . s~rgh‹f ofqfsf] ;kgf k'/f
ug{ kfOnf cl3 a9] . xjfO p8fgaf6 d]/f] ofqf k|f/De eof] .
!^=
s'g} b'O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . $±$
s_
lbOPsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
l;tf/]
3'D6L x'g\ rdrd lgzfsf h'gls/L
eP
tL OG›]0fL j;g ax'/ËL lkml/kmL/L
eof]
/ftf] vf:6f] /lj ls/0fn] klZrd lul/
lgzfsf]
Tof] sfnf] td k6n ef] gLn sa/L
k|Zgx? M
s_
/ftsf h'gls/L eGgfn] s'g ?kdf lrgfPsf] 5 <
v_
sljtfdf OGb|]0fLnfO{ s:tf] ?kdf lrgfPsf] 5 <
u_
ljjfxdf b'nxLsf] /ftf] k5\of}/Lsf] sfd s] n] u/]sf] 5 <
3_
td k6n / gLn sj/Ln] s] s'/f a'emfPsf 5g\ <
v_
lbOPsf] jQm[Tjsf] c+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
HolQmTj eg]sf] JolQmleq /x]sf u'0fsf] Tof]
;d"x xf] h;n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ csf]{ jf bf];|f] JolQm eGbf k[ys /fVb5 .
nªd]g l8D;g/Lsf cfwf/df s'g} JolQmsf] ;Dk"0f{ :jfefj jf rl/q p;sf] JolQmTj
xf] SoflDa|h OG6/g]zgn l8S;g]/L cg';f/ tkfO{sf] Jojxf/ u/fO dx;'; u/fO
;f]rfOsf] tl/sf tkfO{df h'g b]lvg] u5{ . Tof] g} tkfOsf] JolQmTj xf] . g]kfnL
a[xt zAbsf]ifn] JolQmTjnfO{ JolQmsf] j}olQms ljz]iftf b]vfpg] u'0f lghLkg,
JolQmdf lglxtx?nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ljz]iftfsf ?kdf lrgfPsf] 5 . To;}n] d s] eG5'
eg] x/]s JolQmdf lzi6frf/, g}ltstf, cfr/0f, cfTdljZjf;, ;fx;, ;f]rfO, Jojxf/,
af]nLrfnL / cfgLafgL ;d]t emlNsg] h'g efj 5 . Tof] g} JolQmTj xf] . oL ;a}
s'/fdf ljBfyL{ ;zQm agfpg / pgLx?df efjL hLjgsf pHofnf]kg b]vfpg ljBfnosf] uxg
e"ldsf /xG5 .
k|Zgx? M
s_
JolQmTj eg]sf] s] xf] <
v_
ljBfyL{sf] JolQmTjsf ljz]iftfdf s] s] emlNsG5 <
u_
ljBfyL{sf] JolQmTj lgdf{0fdf ljBfnosf] s:tf] e"ldsf /xG5 <
3_
nªd]g l8S;g/Lsf cg';f/ JolQmTj s] xf] <
u_
lbOPsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
kTgLsf]
kL8fn] ljXjn dgnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg /fdgfyn] eGg] u5{g\ . “5f]/f5f]/Lx? r/fr'?ËLsf ar]/f h:t} x'g\ . r/fr'?ËLsf ar]/f kv]6f nfu]kl5 p8]/ a;fO{
;5{g\ . dfG5]sf aRrf klg uf]8f nfu]kl5 cfdfafa'sf] sfv 5f]8L ufF;, af;, skf;sf
nflu otfplt a;fO{ ;5{g / cfdfafa'af6 6f9f x'G5g\ . of] k|s[ltsf] lgod g} xf] .
xfd|f] dfq xf]Og clxn] t 3/ 3/df olx l:ylt 5 . ;Gtfg ljb]lzg] qmd a9\bf] 5 .
t;y{ ltdLn] d'6'df 3fp gkf/ . d 5Fb} 5' lg ltd|f] ;fydf cGTodf a'9fsf nflu a'9L,
a'9Lsf nflu a'9f, olx g} zfZjt ;To xf] .
k|Zgx? M
c_
…5f]/f5f]/L r/f r'?ËLsf ar]/f h:t} x'g\Ú eGg'sf] cfzo s] xf] <
cf_
cg'R5]bdf s] s'/fnfO{ k|s[ltsf] lgod elgPsf] 5 <
O_
/fdgfyn] s'g s'/fnfO{ zfZjt ;To eg]sf 5g\ <
O{_
/fdgfyn] kTgLnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg'kgf{sf] sf/0f s] b]lvG5 <
!&=
lbOPsf] k|Zgsf] tfls{s pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ . $
s_
:jfb syfdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf s:tf s:tf cj:yf / kl/j]zsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 < ts{
lbg'xf];\ .
!*=
s'g} Pssf] JofVof ug{'xf];\ . $
s_
aVv', dfË|f wf]tP ;a} eG5 d]/} e]if
ufpFb} cfof] of] g]kfnL ;f/ËLdf b]z
v_
jf:tjdf hLjg eGg' g} ofqf /x]5 . ofqf rflxF hf]lvd gdf]lnsg slxNo} k"/f
x'Fbf] /x]g5 .
!(=
s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
&
s_
o;/L /fIf;nfO{ df/]kl5 sfnlhtn] ufpFn]nfO{ af]nfP5 / ;a} ldn]/ /fIf;sf] ;b\ut
u/]5g\ . sfnlhtnfO{ ufpFn]n] k|z+;f u/]/ cfˆgf] ufpFsf] d'lvof r'g]5g\ To;kl5
sfnlhtn] dfjnLdf uP/ cfdf lnP/ cfP5 . pm cfˆgf] 3/, v]tLjfnL ;dfnL a:g yfn]5 .
sfnnfO{ klg lht]/ ufpFdf ;'vzflGt lbPsf] x'gfn] ufpFn] sfnlhtnfO{
;Ddfgk"j{s /fVg yfn]5g\ .
k|Zg
M sfnlhtn] /fIf;nfO{ gdf/]sf] eP ufpFdf s:tf] cj:yf cfpYof] xf]nf < ljj]rgf
ug'{xf];\ .
v_
xfjf, kfgL, df6f], af]6la?jf, hLjhGt', ;"o{sf] k|sfz h:tf k|fs[lts j:t'
ldn]/ ag]sf] xfd|f] jl/kl/sf] cfj/0fnfO{ g} kof{j/0f elgG5 . kof{j/0f c;Gt'lnt
x'gdf dfgj / p;sf lqmofsnfk g} k|d'v sf/s /xG5g\ . clgolGqt hg;ª\Vof j[l4,
a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f, ;|f]t ;fwgsf] cToflws k|of]u cflb kof{j/0f ljgfzsf sf/0f /
dfgljo ultljlw /x]sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/sf] juL{s/0f ug]{, k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{sf ;6\6fdf hnljB't, ;f}ophf{, uf]a/Uof; h:tf j}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u ug]{
k|Zg
M xfdLn] jftfj/l0fo ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5f} < ;ldIff
ug'{xf];\ .
@)=
s'g} Ps zLif{sdf slDtdf !%) zAb ;Ddsf] lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ . &
s_
v]ns'bsf] dxTj
v_
d]/f] b]z
u_
ufpFn] hLjg
;dfKt
